Risk Factors

1. Diabetes
   • Diabetes is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). High blood sugar levels over time can damage the kidneys' filtering units, leading to CKD.
2. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
   • Hypertension can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to function properly and leading to CKD.
3. Heart Disease and/or Heart Failure
   • Cardiovascular diseases can impair blood flow to the kidneys, contributing to kidney damage and CKD.
4. Obesity
   • Obesity increases the risk of developing conditions like diabetes and hypertension, which are significant risk factors for CKD.
5. Over the Age of 60
   • The risk of CKD increases with age, as the kidneys naturally lose some of their filtering capacity over time.
6. Family History of CKD or Kidney Failure
   • A family history of kidney disease can increase the likelihood of developing CKD due to genetic factors.
7. Personal History of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
   • Individuals who have experienced AKI are at higher risk for developing CKD later in life.
8. Smoking and/or Use of Tobacco Products
   • Smoking can damage blood vessels and reduce blood flow to the kidneys, increasing the risk of CKD.

Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease

Most Common Causes

1. Diabetes
   • As previously mentioned, high blood sugar levels can damage the kidneys, making diabetes the most common cause of CKD.
2. High Blood Pressure
   • Persistent high blood pressure can damage the kidneys' blood vessels, leading to CKD.